__ The purpose of indiscriminative incendiary bombing was to burn out everything in town such as houses, shops, schools, and factories with fire. It was obvious that people living there was also one of targets.

__ People in Nagaoka noticed that rain like liquid was falling down on them during the air raid. It made them wonder because there was no cloud in the sky so that they could even see a star. Then they realized that it was napalm, gasolin like oil, which was sprayed from incendiary bombs. It put fire on buildings and, if the oil attached cloths, the person would be severly burned.

__ Therefore most typical cause of deaths was to be burned. In some severe cases, skeltonized dead bodies was seen.
== One person saw dead bodies on a narrow alley near Kamiya Hospital. The bodies were burnt so terriblly that white bones appeared as skelton. And she was a young mother. A small part of her cloths were left. One or two-year old baby, also skeltonized to white bones was on mother's back. And the mother's left hand was gripped tightly with a hand of four or five-year old child, who was also burned to be white bones. (ref#2 pp393)

__ But most of burnt dead bodies was being black, carbon like corpse. Such dead bodies were seen at Hiragata Shrine, Shinmei Shraine, on the Bank of Shinano River, and so on. Some blackend bodies were torn so that pink bowel appreared.
== It was difficult to tell who the dead body was. Some people who could not find their family members picked up several pieces of bone from mass-cremation without knowing whose bone it was. They put such bone in tomb as remains of their lost family.(ref#1 pp25, ref#2 pp269)

__ Even if not burned to be killed during the air raid, many people died with agony because of skin burns.
== There was a dead body of child by the entranceway of Hiragata Shraine. All skin was peeled off because of burn, and body looked luster. Since a red backpack was by the body, child was probably a girl.(ref#1 pp118)

== One saw a twelve or thirteen year old girl was quivering her hands and legs. She was still alive but imminent to die because of severe burn.(ref#2 pp183)